Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society
Year 2018, Volume 30, Issue 3, Pages 10-19
https://doi.org/10.26715/jbms.3_29102018Wafa AlSharbati1, Sharifa Bucheeri1, Maha Alkawari1, Noora Alromaihi2*, Reham Algarf2, Wafa
Alfara2
1Public Health Consultant, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 42, Kingdom of Bahrain.
2Consultant Family Physician, Primary Care Directorate, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 42, Kingdom of Bahrain.
*Corresponding author:
Noora Alromaihi, Consultant Family Physician, Primary Care Directorate, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 42, Kingdom of Bahrain; Tel: (+973) 39670898, Email: NRumaihi@health.gov.bh
Received date: August 16, 2018; Accepted date: October 29, 2018; Published date: December 31, 2018
Abstract
Background and objectives: There is a high coexistence between mental disorders and chronicnoncommunicable diseases (NCD). Patients with chronic illnesses have higher rates of depressionand anxiety when compared to the healthy individuals. The study aimed to estimate the prevalenceof depression and anxiety and to explore the associated risk factors.
Methods: A cross sectional study conducted in the NCD clinics of five health centers in the Kingdomof Bahrain included all patients attending these clinics from January 2016 to March 2016. Hospitalanxiety and depression scale (HADS) was used to screen patients for depression and anxiety. Logisticregression analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with anxiety and depression. All theanalyses were conducted using STATA 12; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 456 patients were included in the study. Mild and moderate to severe type ofdepression were observed in 71 (15.6%) and 53 (11.6%) patients, respectively. According to themultivariable model, the odds of having high depression score was significantly higher in patients aged< 45 years (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.01; P = 0.01), with low income (adjusted OR = 1.99; P = 0.02),with personal history of mental illness (adjusted OR = 5.13; P = 0.001), and with lower educationallevels (P = 0.02). Mild and moderate to severe anxiety scores were observed in 55 (12.1%) and 34(7.5%) patients, respectively. According to the multivariate model, the odds of having high anxietyscore was significantly higher in females (adjusted OR = 2.85; P < 0.001), patients aged < 45 years(adjusted OR = 2.41; P = 0.005), in patients with low income (adjusted OR = 3.62; P < 0.001), and inthose with personal history of mental illness (adjusted OR = 4.5; P = 0.004).
Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of depression and anxiety among patients attending NCDclinics in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Therefore, screening of mental health diseases should be established.
Keywords: Anxiety, Bahrain, chronic diseases, depression, noncommunicable diseas